Immigration of African-American and Mexicans to U.S in 20th century. - 3300 Words

Immigration of African-American and Mexicans to U.S in 20th century. (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name Instructor Course Date Immigration Of African-American And Mexicans To U.S In 20th Century. Various reasons motivate the migration of people. Migrating people also have varying accounts of their migratory experiences. Developed countries face large immigration influxes, especially from developing countries. The twentieth century saw an upsurge in immigrations in the United States. People from Africa and Mexico migrated in large numbers creating a significant immigration history (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 373). African-Americans and Mexican Americans were part of the massive influx of immigrants during this time. They took divergent paths from various origins in becoming part of the American history. With the immigration, cultural changes occurred, which lead to historical transformation. For instance, the immigrations led to variations in the demographic settings and social-cultural compositions in the larger United States. The paper offers a comparison betwe en the immigration of African-American and Mexicans Americans to the United States regarding their migratory causes and experiences in various cities they settled. Causes of Immigration The immigration of African-Americans and their Mexican counterparts was prompted by various causes (Portes & Zhou 143). African-Americans majorly originated from West Africa through the Trans-Atlantic trade. In the twentieth century, more immigration was recorded especially from the Eastern and Western parts of the African continent (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 381). The backgrounds of Mexican immigrants have improved with a high number of the Mexicans immigrants originating from Mexico's less wealthy south as well as the southeast locations different from the previous concentration from the center-west section (Portes & Zhou 145). Imbalances drove the immigrations in economic opportunities in their countries (Gregory 19). For instance, African-Americans and the Mexican immigrants moved to America to s eek survival approaches because their nations had discrepancies in the distribution of economic resources. In the twentieth century, the southeast Mexico largely lagged behind development wise. The same case was witnessed in West Africa where a large number of African-American immigrants originated from. The search for employment opportunities with higher wages was also another cause of the immigration (Gregory 20). The regions where the two groups of immigrants originated from were economically behind the American States (Portes & Zhou 149). In the twentieth century, America had developed its industrial system, and large-scale agriculture existed. For this reason, immigrations took place to supply cheap labor for the industries and the large plantations (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 376). Additionally, there existed large labor-hungry industries that demanded cheap labor from the immigrants. Black and white people flooded the economically advanced localities in the North and West (Gr egory 20). A major aspect that contributed to the immigration of the African-Americans to the United States in the twentieth century was the insufficient scheduling of its labor supply in various African nations. The states realized a superfluity of specialized workforces in an organization incapable of absorbing them (Card & Lewis 195). It, therefore, means that brain drain was instrumental in ensuring the increased immigration from Africa and Mexico to America. The professionals in various fields got employed in the American snowballing economy (Gregory 22). Additionally, edification in African nations inclined towards modeling after education sysions that failed to accommodate the local realities (Portes & Zhou 151).Consequently, it made its easy for African and Mexican immigrants to enter global employment markets. From the early 1890s, novel industries started in the United States’ Southwest region. Some of the sectors that promoted the economy were in agriculture and mining. The availability of unskilled labor enticed the Mexican immigrant laborers to cross the border (Card & Lewis 200). The industries required a lot of labor which prompted the engagement of the Americans possessing large plantations to engage in the Trans-Atlantic trade. Africans were sold in large numbers as slaves to provide the much-needed labor (Portes & Zhou 149). Most of the African nations affected by the Trans-Atlantic trade include the West African countries such as Angola, Senegal, Ivory Coast, and Guinea among others. Concerning the Mexican immigrants, the Mexican Revolution between 1910 and 1920 augmented the stream where war refugees and other political expatriates escaped to the United States (Gregory 34). The occurrence of violence contributed to the increased immigration from the neighboring nations. Mexicans Similarly, left the country in search of stable employment opportunities. As a consequence, Mexican immigration to the United States escalated sharply. Through this movement, America started shaping its international relations and policies such as the passage of laws restricting the immigration of people into the American territories (Card & Lewis 196). Good examples are the laws passed in 1920 and 1924 which sought to halt the migration processes into America (Gregory 21). In this case, I think the demand for cheap labor from the American industries and large plantations was an important determinant and cause of the flow towards America. Additionally, the poor state of African countries and Mexico intensified the situation. The availability of unskilled labor in this sectors helped increase the number of immigrants in America (Portes & Zhou 154).The media reports concerning the availability of economic advancement in America also contributed to the flow of immigrants into America (Gregory 49). The stories depicted America as the â€Å"promised land† offering freedom from economic oppression. The influx of people rose as t hey sought freedom from the shackles of poverty. I think this aspect greatly influenced the Mexicans towards closing the border to explore the employment opportunities hence, economic freedom (Portes & Zhou 154). Immigrants’ Experiences In America Mexican and African-American immigrants hold an exceptional place in the history of the U.S. immigration (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 369). Most American citizens identify themselves as first citizens of these localities. The two groups of immigrants possessed rich and complex cultural practices. Presently, they have become part of the most powerful cultural and social groups in the states through shaping the U.S. life in language, food, politics as well as the definition of the nation's identity (Card & Lewis 193). The immigrants played key roles in complex positions in the United States’ legal system and the public opinion. Additionally, the formulation of the immigration law throughout the twentieth century was crucial in th eir settlement in the United States (Rodriguez 112). The reception offered to the two immigrant groups was highly unpredictable frequently prompting them to battle unfriendly elements for their survival (Card & Lewis 194). The equivalent dynamism carries on to date. For instance, the African-America immigrants and their Mexican counterparts faced large racial and ethnical variations from the host residents (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 370). In this case, the blacks and the Mexican immigrants started their struggles for inclusion in the American society. An important cause of the fight was their denial of citizenship rights and missed employment opportunities (Card & Lewis 199). In this case, high profile campaigns were carried out to block their influx of the Mexicans in their search for employment opportunities in America. The jobs acquired were the lowest in the labor, social and economic hierarchies (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 369). For instance, the African-Americans were paid relati vely smaller than the Hispanics. In this case, the presence of the immigrants in America helped boost the economic prospects in the states through the provision of cheap labor for their industries (Card & Lewis 193). Immigration in the twentieth century, therefore, helped grow the economy in the United States at the expense of the ill-paid, lowly-skilled immigrants. The immigrants were highly segregated from the other citizens such as the whites, Hispanics and the Asians (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 370). They were also denied learning opportunities. The African-Americans and the Mexican Americans have the lowest levels of education compared to the non-Hispanic whites (Gregory 3). The evident disadvantages in education for the Mexican Americans mainly replicate their treatment as a slurred ethnic grouping. Their existence in the United States was highly racialized  in the twentieth century (Card & Lewis 194). The Mexicans were not widely excluded from the economic and social inte grations as compared to the African-Americans, but they shared a lot of similarities regarding the positioning in the society. Such treatments resulted in the immigrants lagging behind economically and educationally (Rodriguez 112). Through this, their experiences in the United States were limited to their middle-class livelihoods. The struggle for inclusion into the American society was an important trigger of a vast American history (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 370). It pioneered the starting of the civil rights movement that later influenced administrative approaches at the government level. The civil rights movement unexpectedly led to the development of new cultural institutions that were beneficial to the southern and eastern Europeans (Gregory 22). It put the black-white matters on center stages in various nationwide agendas. Additionally, the tussle for African-American civil rights condensed the salience of ethnic differences among the European assemblies (Waters, Kasinitz & Asad 370). Through the civil rights movement, the immigrants joined in...

Business Accounting Essay - 1615 Words

Introduction Financial statements What carries out the accounting and financial forecasting of any type of company is financial statement. As for financial statement, it is a financial report or record compiled usually on a quarterly and annual basis which quantitatively provides the indication of an individual’s, an organization’s, or business’s financial status. There are, according to belief of most experts, generally three financial statements such as: an income statement (Pro Forma Profit and Loss), a balance sheet and a cash flow statement. Although these three financial statements differ by different functions each of them performs, they closely depend on one another. For instance, an income statement hinges upon a balance†¦show more content†¦It always puts Assets on the left side or on the top, with capital and liabilities on the right side or the bottom. Balance sheet must always comply with the formula below: Assets = Liabilities + Capital Income statement Income statement is also called Profit and Loss. While it has some influence on Assets, Liabilities, and Capital, it only includes Sales, Costs, Expenses, and Profit. Income statement shows the information on the flow of transactions over some specified period of time like a month, a quarter, a year, or even several years. In other words, income statement provides information regarding the revenue earned by the company within a specified period of time. To be more forward, income statement demonstrates inflows and outflows of assets, where inflows are revenues and outflows are expenses. 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Biographical Commentary On Blue By Chris Abani Essay

Biographical and Historical Context in â€Å"Blue† Born in Nigeria, the prolific writer Chris Abani depicts a sad yet unavoidable reality of the history and political chaos of his â€Å"Troubled African nation† (Poetry Foundation) in several, if not all of his writing pieces. Although it is best to read the writer’s pieces through the scope of his life, Abani encompasses the overall situations which Africans undergo with such perfection, that no biographical or historical context is necessary for one to fully grasp his works of art. In â€Å"Blue,† Abani conveys meaning through imagery, which promotes an effective perception of what the characters experience. In his third stanza, Abani remarks, â€Å"Her pride masticated like husks of chewing sticks† (Abani 3). The aforementioned is a simile whereby the author compares the black woman’s pride to a banal object, suggesting that her pride and very existence is made insignificant, for she has been â€Å"Sold six times on the journey to the coast, once for a gun, then cloth, then iron manillas† (3). This helps to generate an image which shows with clarity how corrupt African society is as the writer appeals to the readers’ personal feelings; thus causing them to empathize with the character’s despair. Among other examples of imagery employment within Abani’s â€Å"Blue,† the one that is most remarkable is that in which he, through the medium of a metaphor, actively compares pain to the â€Å"Blue inside a flam e† (3); moreover, by comparing said elements, the

School Law Module Three Reading Reflection Essay - 1640 Words

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Essay Woody Point Music Festival Case Study - 2089 Words

Woody Point Festival Case Analysis Introduction With its inception in 2004, the Writers at Woody Point Festival have become an ever increasingly popular annual literature festival for Newfoundland’s west coast. The festival has grown each year and has now reached the point where council believes a formal marketing strategy and plan is necessary for the festivals short and long term economic sustainability in the ever-increasingly competitive literature festival market. To create the marketing strategy for the festival, analysis will include looking at the events strengths and weaknesses, as well as its opportunities and threats in its external environment. Viable options will then be considered that will dismiss managements†¦show more content†¦The festival which already receives funding from major companies, can seek out new music focused company sponsorships that will provide aid for the costs of the concerts. The last opportunity for the festival includes the role it can provide in educating the local youth about local cultural music, theater, and arts. Many may grow up to have a strong appreciation towards their own communities’ festival. Threats for the festival should raise concern as they can affect future outlook and growth potential. An immediate threat is the competing reading festivals in the area and country during the summer months of July and August. These other festivals can greatly affect numbers for the Writers at Woody Point Festival as potential customers may choose to attend, and spend money travelling to these other venues throughout the year and summer months. Another threat is the uncertainty of having to rent out the Woody Point Heritage Theatre each year. A competing festival or event could rent or even buy the theatre therefore taking away the venue of the festival, or charge a ridiculous amount to rent. The relative age of returning customers may also pose potential threat for festival organizers as they target younger crowds with music concerts, they may give grief and thus upsetting the customers there for the book readings, which is the festivals primary source of revenue. The analysis above has made it apparent that the festival has/ need of; outgrown itsShow MoreRelated The Influence of Protest Music during the 1960’s And Beyond Essay examples3816 Words   |  16 Pagesknown as protest music, which responded to the social turmoil of that era, from the civil rights movement to the war in Vietnam. A veritable pantheon of musicians, such as Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, Joan Baez, and Bob Dylan sang their songs to encourage union organizers to protest the inequities of their time, creating a diverse variety of popular protest music, which has reached out to the youthful generations everywhere demanding for a revolutionary change. The protest music took the childrenRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages. 8 Education: Teaching English as a Second or Other Language (TESOL)â€⠀non-native English Speaker .................................................................................................................................... 8 Environmental Studies ............................................................................................................ 9 Geography .............................................................................................................................Read MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesdominated by television, films and recorded popular music. [2] I have chosen to study popular culture and its influence on violent behaviour, because, as is stated in its definition, popular culture is, accessible to everyone. These hugely accessible forms of media influence all of us, everyday, wherever we go. My keen interest in all of these forms of media immediately drew me to the subject; television, film and music are major influences not only in my life but inRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She

The Revision Of The Wedding - 1010 Words

For the revision of The Wedding, I used the rubic and the instructor’s critiques. I changed the opening into an attention getter suggested by the instructor. I also chose the perspective of the main character to add more depth to the poem. I took the dramatic tension and gave more life to that so I could tie it into the character’s perspective. I changed the ending to make it more effective for this poem using the thirteen ways of looking at revision. For the revision of The Bra, I used the suggestions of my peers. Several suggestions came up about the title so I changed it to Support from My Bra. I had a misspelled word that I had to change (stares). The metal piece in the bra was removed, because it confused the readers†¦show more content†¦I looked at examples of other writers and the different styles of poetry. I changed the rhythm of this poem to make it flow easier. I used the guidelines from thirteen ways of looking at revisions. Now the poem has a solid , rhythmic pattern. For the revision of Dear Father, I used the instructor’s critiques. I added more lines to the poem to make my voice more expressive and relatable to my life. I removed a few lines so the poem could have a specific tone and rhythm for the reader. I looked at the poetry website we had to use for a quiz. I was able to read various poems to get a feel of flow. After reading different poems, I felt more confident in the route I was going with my revision. The readings from assignments were very helpful in understanding how to write and the different styles that can be used. I enjoyed the assigned readings, poems, and short stories, because it gave you a whole different view of writing styles you may have not otherwise been exposed to. I was able to apply all of this to my revisions. Although the quizzes were challenging, they pulled out of me thoughts and ideas I didn’t know I had in me. It was challenging at first, but eventually I caught on and gave mo re effort. So I can say the quizzes helped me to push the envelope for my revisions. I developed my passion for the art of writing again after reading my

Altered Mood

Question: Discuss about theAltered Mood. Answer: Introduction The main aim of this presentation is to examine the problems faced by Mrs. Mary by diagnosing her problem, sound understanding of her mental health needs, understanding of her personal recovery, connecting her mental and physical health and its implications in our professional practice. In this case study, the first section of mental health and illness will comprise of the signs and symptoms and diagnosis of depressive disorder. Next section discusses about the personal recovery of the depressive patient and what it meant for Mrs. Mary. Then next part focuses on the nexus between the physical and mental health. The treatment section involves various management aspects as pharmacotherapy, cognitive therapy, etc. At last it discusses about the implication of this case study analysis on our professional practice. Mental Health and Illness Based on the evaluation of Marys case study, it is found that she has recurrent type of major depression. When it is compared with the clinical feature of common depressive patient, Mary is found to have same type of disorder. Marys clinical feature was compared with the DSM-IV Criteria - Major Depressive Disorder. A depressed person will always have depressed mood and loss of interest and will not meet daily needs at least for more than 2 weeks (Segal, 2013, p. 12). Similar to this, Mary is always depressed, sits alone and not performing activities of daily living for past one month. There will be impaired functioning in social, educational and occupational aspect. Mary has put sick leave and not going for work. According to DSM- IV criteria, 2010, a depressive patient will experience at least any five of the following specific symptoms almost every day. The first criterion is that the patient may have mood depression or irritability almost throughout the day, nearly every day with sadness or emptiness and tearful (Lucas, 2010, p. 13). Mary also has depressed mood and always feels despair and is tearful almost throughout the day. The patient may not have interest or pleasure in most of the activities for almost each day. Mary is not eating and dressing by herself. For past one month, she is not bathing and taking care of her personal hygiene measures. There will be change in the weight to 5% or changes in appetite (Segal, 2013, p. 12). Mary is not eating for many days. There may be decreased or increased sleep (Schatzberg, 2015, chapter, 2). Mary has insomnia and awakes in early morning. The criteria suggest that there will be changes in activity level with psychomotor retardation/ agitation. Mary is not performing her activities of daily living. These persons will experience fatigue and loss of energy. Mary says that she has little or sometimes no energy to get out from the bed. They will feel worthlessness or guilt which is similar to her expression that she cannot manage the next day (Segal, 2013, p. 12). They will have decreased concentration and thinking. Mary sits desperately. Depressive persons will have suicidal thought which is not present in Mary. She meets all the DSM-IV criteria except last criteria which suggest that Mary has major depression. She had depression few years ago and now she has similar symptoms which suggest that she has recurrent major type of depression. Personal Recovery There are various treatment modalities for depression based on their severity. The best treatment option for depression is antidepressant especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) (e.g. citalopram) but causes many side effects as increased suicidal thought, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, increased sweating, etc (Miller, 2014, p. 899- 909). Symptomatic treatment should be given to control these side effects. Sexual dysfunction may occur, for which counseling should be given for both Mary and her husband (Schatzberg, 2015, chapter, 2). If depression is not treated, it will recur within one year whereas if treated only 10% to 30% will recur (Dunner, 2007, p. 214- 223). The maintenance therapy of citalopramfor depression on a long term basis showed decreased depressive symptoms (Dunner, 2007, p. 214- 223).Mary has responded to citalopram but she has discontinued it. In case of severe depression with suicidal risk, electroconvulsive therapy is recommended (Mankad, 2010, p.9- 26). This is not needed for Mary as she dosent have suicidal tendencies. ECT should be used as maintenance therapy only for patients with decreased response to drugs and psychotherapy (Dunner, 2007, p. 214- 223).The study of Broek was peer reviewed by Keller in 2007, which suggests that ECT is not needed to be used as a maintenance therapy after remission (Keller, 2007, p. 214- 223). Various psychotherapies are used for depressive patients as cognitive behavior, inter-personal and cognitive- mindfulness based therapy (beyoundblue, n.d., 27). Cognitive therapy should be given to Mary, which helps to replace the negative thoughts with modified cognitive response (Segal, 2013, p. 12). Behavior therapy as social skill and assertiveness training should be given. Supportive therapy as reassuring, motivating to ventilate their emotions, relaxation therapies, etc should be given. Group therapies that help to mingle with others should be given. But it is very difficult to engage depressive patients in group therapies (Fehr, 2016, p. 12). To overcome this, inter personal relationship should be maintained between the group members. Family therapy is needed for persons with inter personal difficulties. Mary should receive all these therapies to overcome her depressive symptoms. The combination of drugs and psychotherapy showed greater improvements in psychosocial functioning than with separate therapies (Dunner, 2007, p. 214- 223). Nexus Between Physical and Mental Health It is said that, the sound mind in the sound body. Both physical and mental health is like two sides of a coin. They are highly interdependent with each others as well as inter related. If the physical health alters, it affects the mental health and if mental health alters, then it acts vice versa (Thibodea, 2013, p. 947- 948). Marys case shows that there is evidence of nexus between physical and mental health. Mary has moments of despair and is tearful. This shows that her mental health has affected her thought and made her to cry. She always feels that she has no or less energy to work and get out of her bed. This indicates that Marys depression has affected her thinking adversely. Kolappa (2013) found that persons having mental illness may develop physical illness and vice versa. Depression is not just having low mood but it a very serious condition as it impacts on physical and mental health (beyondblue, n.d., p. 9) Collingwood in 2016 has found that persons having depressionoften manifests with some physical disorder and vice versa and other physical health conditions affect the well-being of the individuals. She does not eat properly due to lack of motivation which suggests that depression has affected her personal hygienic activities. She is not dressing herself due to the impact of depression on her activities of daily living. Marys family identified her recurrence of depression only by the changes in her physical activity and mood. She is also not willing to work which suggests that mental health even affects her social health and communication skills. She feels worthless and hopeless with insomnia which suggests that her mental health has affected her physical health. Ultimately physical and mental health affects the quality of life adversely (Ekkekakis, 2013, p. 230). Even mental health is influenced by individual behaviors, environmental and social factors (WHO, 2012, p. 4-5) Mental Health Needs Based on the patients evaluation, it was identified that Mary requires an antidepressant therapy especially SSRIs. There are certain side effects which have to be monitored carefully which is main need for Mary (Miller, 2014, p. 899- 909). The side effects should be controlled by cognitive- behavior therapy and individual and family counseling to avoid discontinuation of medication. Even low dose of buprenorphine could be given to reduce depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (Panksepp, 2014, p. 383393). In the past, Mary had depression for 5 weeks and was on citalopram but she discontinued as she felt that she doesnt require this medication which has recurred symptoms. For the patients, who encounter remission with no symptoms or with one or two symptoms, maintenance therapy has to be given to reduce the chance of getting relapse (Dunner, Keller Thase, 2007, p. 214- 223).Patients with residual symptoms of depression are found to have more severe depressive illness with increased symptoms of relapse, suicidal attempt and decreased social involvement as compared to asymptomatic patients (Dunner, Keller Thase, 2007, p. 214- 223). Similarly Mary has relapse of her symptoms and so citalopram has to be continued as maintenance therapy. Psychotherapies as cognitive-behavioral, family and group therapy should be given. The next most important need is to control her feelings on herself. Cognitive therapy should be given to modify her behavioral features and to make her feel worth. Sexual counseling should be given to the patient and her husband. Current researches suggest that safe administration of opioids could be used for depressive patient (Elman, 2013, p. 1-27). Family therapy should be given by involving her husband, children, parents, friends and other relatives and help her to chat with them which motivates her to manage herself care needs by herself. Supportive therapy, group therapy should be given. Implications in Professional Practice Studying psychological health of a person is much needed for health care professionals as physical health is directly affected by their mental health. Nearly 1 in every 5 women has depression at some point of life (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). So this case study will definitely help in caring a woman with depression. Mary has typical depressive symptoms and gives a clear picture of depression to medical persons. This helps to know the criteria for depression that helps to diagnose the case of depression (DSM criteria IV, 2010). It gives way to medical persons to distinguish the clinical features to provide prompt treatment. It also helps to provide care with tool kits provided by the Government of South Australia in 2015. This case study helps the professional person to understand the impact of medication on depressive patients and adverse effects caused by SSRIs. This suggests methods to overcome these side effects by giving psychotherapies. e- therapy is newer form of treatment (Beyoundblue, n.d., p. 30). The case of Mary guides us to involve family members in the therapy. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008) states that both anxiety disorder and depression are most common psychiatric disorder in Australia and at least one million people experience depression every year. Therefore learning depression will help the health care professionals to give required care to such patient. The relationship between physical and mental health with evidence will motivate the health care persons to have a great concern towards both physical and mental health. This case study helps us to identify the needs of the depressive patients and about various therapies as pharmacological, cognitive behavior therapy and inter personal therapy (Beyoundblue, n.d., p. 12). This helps to understand that if untreated, depression will cause negative effects that affect their job as like Mary (Beyoundblue, n.d., p. 16). The evidence from the studies will help to practice accordingly. This will also motivate the medical persons to conduct further research in depressive patients. Thus this case study will promote knowledge, attitude and skill in the care of mentally ill patients. Conclusion This case study was to evaluate Mary with major type of depression. This covers the mental health problem, DSM criteria for diagnosing depression, nexus between physical and mental health, and personal recovery of Mary and treatment modalities. This discusses about various treatment options as pharmacotherapy, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, group therapy, ECT, family therapy, counseling, etc. This gives the need for these therapies for a depressive patient. This clearly discusses about the SSRI drugs with great advantage for depressive patients. Yet there are certain side effects of using the drugs and this case study discusses this and methods to overcome this. The implications for its use in professional practice were discussed. This case study serves as a better mode to understand various aspects of depressive patients. Reference Anxiety and depression, An Information booklet, 9, 12, 27, 30, from beyond blue ltd. 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