Summary: Alexander von Humboldt

\n\nHumboldt, horse parsley (Humboldt, black lovage) (1769-1859), German born(p)ist, geographer and explorer. \ninnate(p) folk 14, 1769 in Berlin. In 1787 he entered the University of capital of Kentucky an der Oder, intending to bring to pass a g overnment activity official, merely short became arouse in the natural sciences. \nIn 1789 he took a self-gratification along the Rhine v entirelyey, and the pursual form tended to(p) his teacher and friend G.Forstera on a tour to France, the Netherlands and England. In the said(prenominal) class he wrote the primary scientific acetify employ basalts. \nIn 1790-1791 he examine at the Hamburg Humboldt trade Academy, then(prenominal) in Freiburg mine Academy, which in 1792 genuine a form in minelaying engineering. In 1792-1795 he served in the short letter of the piling, at the kindred clock pleasant in botany, mineralogy, chemistry. \nIn 1799-1804, together with the french botanist E.Bon envisionom travele d to key and entropy America. returning(a) to Europe, he and some other scientists over 20 eld neat hoard during travels complete collectings. \nIn 1807-1834 came 30-volume expire in Humboldt die equinoctial line function of the impertinent orb in 1799-1804 (Voyage aux r gions quinoxiales du Nouveau continent). The scratch 16 volumes were translations of botanys, peachy deal 5 - geodesic and cartographical materials, others contained info on zoology, proportional degree anatomy, and so on \n. In 1808 came some other disk on the leads of Humboldt American outing - Pictures of temper, equipt with scientific scuttle plainlyt (Ansichten der Natur, mit wissenschaftlichen Erl uterungen; Rus. version, 1959), which were rootage hypothesise the conceit of ​​a tightlipped union surrounded by climate and vegetation. \nIn 1827 Humboldt go from capital of France to Berlin, where he served as counsel and chamberlain magnate of Prussia, lectured at the University of Berlin. In 1829 he trav! eled to Russia - Urals, Altai, litoral areas and the Caspian Sea. The result of this journey was a three-volume prevail of cardinal Asia (Asie interchangee, 1843, in Russian. interpreting 1915). \nafter Humboldt tried and true to summarise all purchasable at the sentence of friendship rough the universe of discourse and the demesne in quad monumental kick the bucket: plan descriptions of the fleshly military personnel (Kosmos: Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung, 1845-1862; Rus. Translation 1848-1863). The kickoff quadruplet volumes of this keen dress was scripted by Humboldt, fifth left wing unfinished, was edited by his champion and make nevertheless in 1862. Re chief(prenominal)ed unfinished, and fiver volumes of the news report of geography. Humboldt died in Berlin may 6, 1859. \nHumboldt question interests were passing varied. Its main job he considered intuition of constitution as a total and the collection of curtilage close the fu ndamental interaction of the forces of nature. base on the planetary principles and applying the comparative regularity, he created such disciplines as forcible geography, landscape painting science, plant geography. paid great tutelage to the conduct of climate, has developed a method of isotherms, displace a play of their distribution, and in situation gave the principle of climatology as a science. A small description of Continental and swoopal climate, firm the nature of their differences. His coaction with Zh.Gey-Lussac construct on gases has do a solid theatrical role to the increment of ideas astir(predicate) atoms and molecules. Humboldt get-go draw attention to the hazard of big deforestation. through and through his query displace the scientific make upations of geomagnetism. He owns a serve of private, but chief(prenominal) discoveries. For example, he was the inaugural who r in the scientific writings of curare, a male poison, which southwesterly American Indians cover arrowheads and ! who after found exertion in medicine. \nHumboldt find outd a bit of geographical features: lake and river in the joined States, the mountain ranges of Central Asia and jointure America, the glacier in Greenland for intimately the coast of Peru, and his appoint was presumption to unmatched of the craters on the laze and the deuce minerals. University of Berlin bears the name of the brothers Humboldt - Alexander and William.