Alcoholism is a chronic disease Essay

drunkenness is a progressive and chronic disease that h sure-enough(a)s controlling intoxication, character intoxi crappertic plight even though it typesetters cases jobs, having physical dependence with intoxi arouset, or having onanism symptoms when one and only(a) tries to cut back or pipend go through alcohol. peerless can puddle a problem with alcohol and non have it progressed to alcoholism. That is called problem drinking which means one drinks too much(prenominal) cause repeated problem in their life. According to the Mayo Clinic (2012), binge drinking is a pattern where a male consumes five or more drinks in a row, or a female drinks at least four drinks in a row. Binge drinking can gratuity to the corresponding health adventures associated with alcoholism (Mayo, 2012). Not being able to stop drinking or cut back and denying you have a problem is a a few(prenominal) of the things that come with alcoholism Criteria for alcoholism based on the DSM V atomic number 18 an mortal meeting any two of the eleven criteria during the same twelve month period.Examples of these criteria include a persistent longing or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use, craving or strong proclivity or urge to use alcohol, and important fond, occupational or recreational activities atomic number 18 given up or reduced because of alcohol use (NIH, 2013b). As for ICD criteria, an individual must experience certain criteria as well. ICD criteria require an individual to experience triad or more of the criteria occurring together for at least 1 month or if less than 1 month, occurring together repeatedly within a 12-month period. Examples of these criteria include Difficulties in controlling drinking in bournes of onset, termination, or take aims of use drinking in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended or a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to reduce or control drinking, Need for importantly cast upd amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired force play or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol, or Important alternative pleasures or interests given up or reduced because of drinking (Hasin, 2013).According to the article, intoxicant Consumption and crabby psyche Risk (2011), on that point is a dramatic link between alcohol and cancer. Heavy alcohol consumption ( 4 drinks/day) is significantly associated with an increased risk of about 5-fold for oral and pharyngeal cancer and esoph durational squamous electric cell carcinoma, 2.5-fold for laryngeal cancer, 50% for colorectal and breast cancers, and 30% for pancreatic cancer (Pelucchi, Tramacere,Boffetta, Negri, & Vecchia, 2011). picture proves that even one drink per day increases the risk for pharyngeal or oral cancer by 20% and 30% for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Breast cancer has an increased risk of occurrence with three to half dozen drinks a week. When an indivi dual exposes themselves to both alcohol and tobacco, there is a greater increase in oral and pharyngeal cancer risk.Alcohol as well as causes an increase in head and neck cancer when it is used wholly (not used in conjunction with tobacco). Restricting alcohol to limits indicated by the European Code Against Cancer would avoid nearly 90% of alcohol-attributable cancers and cancer deaths in men and over 50% of cancers in women (Pelucchi, Tramacere, Boffetta, Negri, & Vecchia, 2011). This article provides great try of excessive alcohol being linked to further health risks for individuals who procure over the recommended amounts. A someone suffering from alcoholism has umpteen outer roughly appearance changes throughout their life. Someone suffering from alcohol withdrawal whitethorn experience nausea, sweating, hand tremors, visual hallucinations, or seizures. These ar all precise common symptoms associated when an alcohol dependent person goes through withdrawal. Not moreov er do these physical symptoms occur, but mental symptoms overly occur. Examples of psychological symptoms include printing, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, or insomnia. Both the physical and psychological symptoms can be discernible from an outsiders perspective.An alcohol dependent person whitethorn not experience withdrawal symptoms if they are taking in enough alcohol on a daily basis that meet their required require to feel well. Though they may not have the withdrawal symptoms, they do have physically visible symptoms from their excessive alcohol intake. Symptoms include facial nerve redness/flushing of the skin, xerosis, dull skin tone, follicular hyperkeratosis, gingivitis, tooth decay, black hairy tongue, and lean gain. The nigh common though include dehydration of the skin and bloating in the abdomen or face ( alcoholism Aware, 2014). Drinking too much alcohol deprives the skin from important vitamins and nutrients. Over time, losing these nutrients from excess ive drinking can cause permanent pervert from frequent flushing and redness of the skin. Facial and abdominal bloating occurs when the person experiences dehydration from the excess about of alcohol intake (Drink Aware, 2014).Prevalence of life-time alcoholuse by age and gender graph was account by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and crapulence (2013c) males age 18-24- 70% and women 55%, males age 25-34- 82% and women 65%, males age 35-44- 82% and women 63%, males age 45-55- 80% and women 55%, and males age 55 + 71% and women 39% (NIH, 2013c). According to the selective information from the National Household Survey, most Americans had at least one drink of alcohol by posthumous adolescence. Among men, 70% to 83% reported consuming alcohol on at least one occasion during their lifetime, as compared to 39% to 66% of women. The prevalence crop of lifetime alcohol use among men is highest among those aged 25 to 55 and lowest among the 18 to 24 and 55 or elderly age grou ps. Similar findings were found for women, although they reported lower range than men. The rate of lifetime alcohol was lowest among women ages 55 or older. The largest gender expiration was noted among the 55 years or older age group, with males drinking more.The smallest gender difference was between 18 to 24 years old (NIH, 2013c). Alcoholism results from the complex interaction of genetic, social, and environmental factors. Alcohol has widespread cause on the brain and can affect nerve cells, brain chemistry, and bloodline flow within the frontal lobes. Neurotransmitters are affected by semipermanent use of alcohol. Neurotransmitters are released when alcohol is consumed, which produce euphoria and a sentience of well-being. Chronic exposure of the brain to alcohol is thought to result in long-term adaptive changes that initially produce increased reinforcement for alcohol use and over time progress to withdrawal and negative affectional states, so that regular alcohol us e is required to feel familiar (Chung & Pittman, 2013) Being dependent on alcohol is often associated with psychiatric disorders, such(prenominal) as schizophrenia, falloff, or PTSD. Genetic factors are believed to play a post in alcohol abuse.The New York Times (2013), believe the amygdala, part in the brain responsible for controlling cravings, has been reported to be smaller in individuals with family history of alcoholism (TNYT, 2013). thither are also umpteen social and environmental factors that contribute to the development of alcohol abuse or alcoholism. at that place are mass marketing of alcohol on television, billboards, and gas stations. merchandising tends to increase the number of alcohol sales and in turn increase notice of alcohol abuse among individuals. Many little individuals are pressured by friends or even family to begin drinking at a young age. Drinking at a young age greatly increaseschances of that individual to suffer from alcoholism in the near futu re. During the general assessment of a person suffering from alcoholism, the bind is to premier(prenominal) gather accurate data regarding their drinking patterns.The nurse must ask the question, Do you sometimes drink beer, wine, or other(a) strong beverages? If the person states yes, then the nurse asks How many times in the past year have you had five or more drinks in a day? This will help the nurse gather important data regarding excessive alcohol consumption. The next whole tone is to tell the uncomplaining to decrease the amount of alcohol that is being consumed since the chance of It is also important to ask about their life style, family, and relationships. The person may be experiencing depression or anxiety if they have lost family accommodate because of their addiction. If this person is experiencing withdrawal symptoms during the assessment, the nurse should plan to provide comfort measures for this patient. The patient may also be very agitated, embarrassed, or not level headed, since alcohol has these effects on an individual.By simply looking at the patients appearance, the nurse should be able to determine if the alcohol has caused further damage to the bodys organs. For example, if the liver is failing, the person may experience jaundice. guidance the assessment around the use of the alcohol and effects it has on his or her life will be of most concern. The patient should have a full lab workup to determine if further damage has occurred to this patients health. The nurse can also provide appropriate resources for help, such as AA meetings, rehab, or family counseling, which will be beneficial for the patient. Drinking too much can take a serious toll on ones health. Alcohol can affect a person brain, heart, liver, pancreas, tolerant system, and can increase the risk for cancer.According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2013a), alcohol interferes with the brains conference pathways. These disruptions can ch ange mood and behavior. These changes can also make it harder to calculate clearly and move with coordination (NIH, 2013a). The heart can be affected with myocardiopathy which is stretching and drooping of heart muscle. Arrhythmias, stroke, and high blood pressure can also occur from over using alcohol. Research by the NIH (2013a), alcohol can inflame the liver and cause steatosis or fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and or cirrhosis. The pancreas produces toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis (NIH, 2013a). Pancreatitis is inflammation and lubber of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion. The immune system is weakened. Chronic drinkers are more likely to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who usurpt drink.Chronic alcohol consumption increases risk for cancers such as mouth, esophagus, throat, liver, and breast Alcohol pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution, and metabolism. After oral ab sorption, alcohol is absorbed from the duodenum by diffusion (Ramchandani, 2009). The rate depends on the volume of alcohol consumed (the less strong the slower rate of absorption), rate of drinking (faster you drink the faster the absorption), food, and stomachic metabolism. The distribution of alcohol is into total body water. There are also gender differences in body. Women have a lower proportion in total body water compared to men. Metabolism of alcohol occurs primarily in the liver in a two-step process. As researched by Ramchandani (2009), the initiative step, alcohol is oxidized to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase or ADH. In the second step, acetaldehyde is converted to acetate by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase.Then there is alcohol pharmacodynamics (Ramchandani, 2009). Alcohol is a CNS depressant. Its stimulatory effects result from depression of inhibitory control mechanisms in the brain. Characteristic responses to alcohol include euphoria, impaired thought processes and decreased mechanical efficiency. More than just a revivify is needed for the treatment of alcoholism. Alcoholism counselors, social workers, psychologists, and family therapists are a few others that may be involved. There are three stages in treating alcoholism. The first is to make sure the person is medically stabilized. Next, they must undergo a detoxification process which is then followed by long-term abstinence and rehabilitation.According to Cunha (2012), the most common medication in treating alcoholism is disulfiram (Antabuse). It interferes with alcohol metabolism resulting in a metabolite that makes the person nauseated and very uncomfortable when consuming alcohol (Cunha, 2012). If they stop taking this they can implant a bend under the skin so they have to continuously take it without the liberty of being able to stop it. Other medications used are naltrexone (ReVia), acamprosate (Campral) and a class of antidepressants called selective seroto nin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (Cunha, 2012). Alcohol withdrawal is hardened by oral or IV hydration along with medications. According to Cunha (2012), the most commonmedication groups used in treating alcohol withdrawal symptoms are benzodiazepines, which include lorazepam (Ativan), diazepam (Valium), and chlordizepoxide (Librium) (Cunha, 2012). Any person that is being case-hardened for alcoholism should also receive thiamine (vitamin B1). The thiamine levels are normally low and if deficiency occurs it could lead to Wernickes encephalopathy.The detoxification stage involves stopping the alcohol consumption. This usually occurs in an inpatient setting and will require commodious support. The medication will be given and then tapered off until no withdrawal symptoms are evident. This process lasts a few years to a week. Rehabilitation can be either a miserable term or long term residential program. These help those who are more severely dependent and need the help to develop skills not to drink and to work on ways to help them from relapsing. Short term programs are less than four weeks long where long term programs can last for a month to a year or more. There are also several effective individual treatments delivered by master key counselors in outpatient treatment clinics. These treatments include twelve-step facilitation therapy, motivational enhancement therapy, and cognitive- behavioral get by skills.There are also self-help programs which are Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), women for sobriety, Rational Recovery, and reinvigorated recovery (Cunha, 2012). These allow alcoholics to stop drinking and remain sober on their own. In conclusion, alcoholism is a very serious condition that sadly many people face in the populace. There any many means of helping these patients, but only if the individual wants the assistance. Once the person is so alcohol dependent, they are in a state of defence mechanism and think that nothing is wrong with their habit, but the earlier we get them to escort their problems then the easier it is to help them through it. Alcoholism is not only a terrible disease itself, but it also leads to many other deathlike diseases and illnesses.The first priority to make a difference in the world is to educate the youth about alcohol, which will hopefully decrease the rates of alcoholism occurrences in the future. The effects of alcoholism which are physical and psychological can cause many problems that affect a persons life in all aspects. Alcohol alters ones brain, muscles, digestion process, and other disorders that affect ones health. It also can cause depression or changes in behavior that result in problems with their family, friends, and with themselves.ReferencesChung, P. & Pittman, J. (2013). Epocrates Online. Alcohol Abuse. Retrieved fromhttps//online.epocrates.com/noFrame/showPage.do?method acting=diseases&MonographId=198&ActiveSectionId=24Cunha, J. (2012). E Medicine Health. Alcoholism. Retrieved from http//www.emedicinehealth.com/alcoholism/page8_em.htmDrink Aware.(2014).Health Effects of Alcohol. Alcohol Dependence. Retrieved fromhttps//www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependenceHasin, D. (2013). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Classification of AlcoholUse Disorders. Retrieved from http//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-1/5-17.htm Mayo Clinic Staff. (2012). Alcoholism. Retrieved fromhttp//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcoholism/ fundamental principle/definition/CON-20020866) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH). (2013a). Alcohols Effects on the Body. http//www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/alcohols-effects-body National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (NIH). (2013b). Alcohol Use Disorder.Retrieved from http//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH). (2013c). Epidemiology of Alcohol. Pro blems in the United States. Module 1. Retrieved fromhttp//pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/ well-disposed/Module1Epidemiology/Module1.html Pelucchi, C., Tramacere, I., Boffetta, P., Negri, E., & Vecchia, C. (2011). Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk. Nutrition & Cancer, 63(7), 983-990. doi10.1080/01635581.2011.596642.